What gland is responsible for stimulating body growth?

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system because it controls many of the body’s functions by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. One of its key roles is to secrete growth hormone (GH), which is crucial for growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans and other animals. Growth hormone stimulates growth in childhood and helps maintain healthy body composition throughout life.

In contrast, the adrenal gland produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and stress response, but it does not specifically stimulate body growth like the pituitary gland does. The thyroid gland mainly regulates metabolism through hormones like thyroxine, which influences energy levels and weight more than direct body growth. The pineal gland, on the other hand, is primarily involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles through the secretion of melatonin, which is unrelated to growth stimulation.

Considering these functions, the pituitary gland is the correct answer as it directly impacts body growth through its secretion of growth hormone.